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Fluorescent Pseudomonads belong to plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), the important group of bacteria that play a major role in the plant growth promotion, induced systemic resistance, biological control of pathogens etc. Many strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens are known to enhance plant growth promotion and reduce severity of various diseases. The efficacy of bacterial antagonists in controlling fungal diseases was often better as alone, and sometimes in combination with fungicides. The present review refers to occurrence, distribution, mechanism, growth requirements of Pseudomonas fluorescens and diseases controlled by the bacterial antagonist in different agricultural and horticultural crops were discussed. The literature in this review helps in future research programmes that aim to promote Pseudomonas fluorescens as a potential bio-pesticide for augmentative biological control of many diseases of agriculture and horticultural importance.
Environmental and consumer concerns have focused interest on the development of biological control agents as an alternative, environmentally-friendly strategy for the protection of agricultural and horticultural crops against phytopathogens. Pseudomonas fluorescens is one such proven biological control agent. Many success reports by several scientists around the world have described different Pseudomonas strains able to significantly control a number of fungal, bacterial and nematode diseases in cereals, horticultural crops, oil seeds and others. The efficacy of bacterial antagonism in controlling diseases was often better than with fungicides. However, the bacterial antagonism in combination with fungicides sometimes improve efficacy in controlling diseases. Besides disease control, treatments also improved seedling health and yields of crops. Peat soil was found to be the best substrate followed by farmyard manure and gobar gas for colonization of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Polysaccharides enhanced the adhesion of Pseudomonas fluorescens. which promoted plant growth through increased antibiotic activity. The present review contributes to future research programmes that aim to promote Pseudomonas fluorescens as a potential bio-pesticide for augmentative biological control of many diseases of agriculture and horticultural importance. However, a better understanding of the factors involved, the signalling interaction among antagonist, pathogen, soil and plants, are yet to be revealed to promote the biocontrol agents as wide applicable bio-pesticides in future.
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